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Shaikhul-Islām Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhāb (rahimahullāh) said that Allah, the Most High, said:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ
“Verily, Allāh does not forgive that partners are associated with Him, but He forgives lesser than to whom He wishes.” — An-Nisā’: 48
Shaikhul-Islām Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhāb (rahimahullāh) said: The Messenger (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) prohibited the killing of the sinful or tyrannical rulers so long as they pray.
Imām Ibn Bāz (rahimahullāh) said:
The intent of this chapter is that innovations are worse than the major sins. That is because innovations diminish Islam; and they are newly introduced matters in Islam, and innovations are an accusation against Islam that it is deficient, therefore, it requires innovations and additions. As for sins, then that is the following of desires, and obedience to Shaytān. This is less harmful than innovations because the sinner may repent, hasten to it and take admonition.
Question to Imām Ibn Bāz: May Allah be good to you, O Shaikh. The one who praises ahlul-Bidʿah and extols them, is he counted alongside them?
Answer: Yes, no doubt. The one who praises them and extols them, then he is caller to them. We ask Allah for well-being.
Imām Ibn Bāz (rahimahullāh) said:
So, even if the rulers are tyrannical, wicked and oppressive, but they hold on to Islam, it is not permitted to fight them. Instead, they are advised.
Umm Salamah (radiyallāhu ʿanhumā) narrated that the Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) said:
سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ فَتَعْرِفُونَ وَتُنْكِرُونَ فَمَنْ عَرَفَ بَرِئَ وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ سَلِمَ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ . قَالُوا أَفَلاَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ قَالَ لاَ مَا صَلَّوْا
“You will have rulers in the future. You approve of their good deeds and you will disapprove of their evil deeds. The one who approves of their good deeds is absolved [from any sin], and the one who disapproves of their evil deeds is safe. But that is not the case for the one who is pleased with their evil and complies.” They asked him: “Should we not fight them?” He replied: “No, so long as they pray.” — Muslim (no. 1854).
ʿUbādah Ibn as-Sāmit (radiyallāhu ʿanhu) said:
دَعَانَا النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَبَايَعْنَاهُ فَقَالَ فِيمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ بَايَعَنَا عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي مَنْشَطِنَا وَمَكْرَهِنَا وَعُسْرِنَا وَيُسْرِنَا وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيْنَا وَأَنْ لاَ نُنَازِعَ الأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَرَوْا كُفْرًا بَوَاحًا عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِيهِ بُرْهَانٌ
“The Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) called us and we gave him the pledge of allegiance; and among the matters on which he took the pledge from us was that we were to hear and obey (the rulers) at the time when we were feeling active and at the time when we were tired; and in our hard times and in our easy time; and to be obedient to the ruler and give him his right even if he did not give us our right, and ‘not to fight against him unless we see from him open kufr (disbelief) for which you have with you a proof from Allah.’” — Al-Bukhārī (no. 7055) and Muslim (no. 1709).
Explanation of the hadīth:
The Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) encouraged and urged the people to give Sadaqah. Jarīr Ibn ʿAbdillāh (radiyallāhu ʿanhu) said:
تَصَدَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ دِينَارِهِ مِنْ دِرْهَمِهِ مِنْ ثَوْبِهِ مِنْ صَاعِ بُرِّهِ مِنْ صَاعِ تَمْرِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ قَالَ جرير فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ بِصُرَّةٍ كَادَتْ كَفُّهُ تَعْجِزُ عَنْهَا بَلْ قَدْ عَجَزَتْ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ كَوْمَيْنِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَثِيَابٍ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَهَلَّلُ كَأَنَّهُ مُذْهَبَةٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً فَلَهُ أَجْرُهَا وَأَجْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا بَعْدَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْءٌ وَمَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهَا وَوِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِهِمْ شَيْءٌ
“Then they gave in charity, a man would give a Dinar, another a Dirham, or a garment, or a sāʿ (2.5kg) of wheat or a sāʿ of dates, until the Messenger said: ‘Even half a date.’ A man from among the Ansār came with a bag of money which his hands could hardly lift.
The people followed one another in giving charity until I saw two heaps of food and clothing, and I saw the face of the Messenger of Allah (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) shining like gold with joy. Then the Messenger of Allah said: ‘Whoever sets a good precedent in Islam, he will have the reward for that, and the reward of those who acted in accordance with it, without that detracting from their reward in the slightest. And whoever sets an evil precedent in Islam, he will have a burden of sin for that, and the burden of those who acted in accordance with it, without that detracting from their burden in the slightest.’” — Muslim (no. 1017) and an-Nasāʾī (no. 2554).
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