Do shooting stars signify an attack on the devils among the jinn?

Yes, the shooting stars signify an attack on the devils from the jinn.

إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ أَمْرًا فِي السَّمَاءِ ضَرَبَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا خِضْعَانًا لِقَوْلِهِ كَأَنَّهُ سِلْسِلَةٌ عَلَى صَفْوَانٍ فَإِذَا فُزِّعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ قَالَ فَيَسْمَعُهَا مُسْتَرِقُو السَّمْعِ بَعْضُهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ فَيَسْمَعُ الْكَلِمَةَ فَيُلْقِيهَا إِلَى مَنْ تَحْتَهُ فَرُبَّمَا أَدْرَكَهُ الشِّهَابُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُلْقِيَهَا إِلَى الَّذِي تَحْتَهُ فَيُلْقِيهَا عَلَى لِسَانِ الْكَاهِنِ أَوِ السَّاحِرِ فَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يُدْرَكْ حَتَّى يُلْقِيَهَا فَيَكْذِبُ مَعَهَا مِائَةَ كَذْبَةٍ فَتَصْدُقُ تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةُ الَّتِي سُمِعَتْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ

The Prophet said: “When Allah decrees a matter in the heavens, the angels beat their wings in submission to his decree which is like a chain dragged across a rock.

Then “When fear is banished from the hearts of the angels, they say: ‘What is it that your Lord has said?’ They say: ‘The truth. And He is The Most High, The Most Great.”

Then the eavesdroppers (from among the jinn) listen out for for the decrees, one above the other, so (one of them) hears the words and passes it on to the one beneath him.

The Shihab (shooting star) may strike the jinn before he can pass it on to the one beneath him and the latter can pass it on to the soothsayer or sorcerer, or it may not strike him until he has passed it on.

So by the time it reaches the fortune-teller or soothsayer, the jinn adds a hundred lies to it, whereas only that one word was true from the heavens.” (Ibn Majah, Muslim, Tirmidhi)

In the Quran:

إِنَّا زَیَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ ٱلدُّنۡیَا بِزِینَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

وَحِفۡظࣰا مِّن كُلِّ شَیۡطَـٰنࣲ مَّارِدࣲ

لَّا یَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَإِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ وَیُقۡذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبࣲ

دُحُورࣰاۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابࣱ وَاصِبٌ

إِلَّا مَنۡ خَطِفَ ٱلۡخَطۡفَةَ فَأَتۡبَعَهُۥ شِهَابࣱ ثَاقِبࣱ

“Indeed, We have adorned the nearest heaven with an adornment of stars, and as protection against every rebellious devil, so that they may not listen to the exalted assembly [of angels] and are pelted from every side.

Repelled, and for them is a constant punishment, except a devil who snatches some words by theft, but they are pursued by a burning flame, piercing in brightness.” (Al-Saffāt, 6-10)